@article{Crawford_2010, place={Washington DC: American Sociological Association.}, title={Blacks in America}, url={https://trails.asanet.org/article/view/blacks-in-america}, abstractNote={In 1903, W.E.B. DuBois wrote, "The problem of the twentieth century is the problem of the color line." 84 years later, legal scholar Derrick Bell wrote of race in America that, "It appears that my worst fears have been realized: we have made progress in everything yet nothing has changed." By examining the work sociologists have done about the civil rights movement, residential segregation, contemporary discrimination, the black middle-class and black immigration, we will examine "the problem of the color line" in the twentieth century. We will read about and discuss how others have used race to exclude African Americans and deny them rights. This will also involve sociological analysis of how racism, sexism, class inequality, and other forms of discrimination have combined to help shape the experiences of African Americans. We will also examine how African Americans have challenged injustice and oppression in both formal and informal ways, and how social scientists have explained such resistance. Thinking about Bell’s quotation, we will question whether discrimination in America has improved, or if, instead, Bell is correct in arguing that "nothing has changed." Will the problem of the twenty-first century again be the problem of the color line?}, journal={TRAILS: Teaching Resources and Innovations Library for Sociology}, author={Crawford, Elizabeth}, year={2010}, month={Apr.} }